cineuropa.org

29 November, 2011

OSLO, AUGUST 31st: LA FELICITÀ NON È PIÙ DI MODA

Uno splendido prologo racconta ricordi frammentari e magmatici. Un giovane ex eroinomane vaga per le strade di Oslo, in cerca di un ricongiungimento con il mondo perduto. Solo 24 ore, descritte nel silenzio di una nordica giornata di fine agosto, ma infinitamente lunghe: lunghe quanto una vita intera. Sembra che tutto intorno a lui gli impedisca di tornare ad una vita normale, o piuttosto è egli stesso che non vuole nuovamente essere felice?

Già dal principio, Anders, protagonista di Oslo, August 31st, afferma di non provare più alcun desiderio o emozione. L’eroina é inibitrice dei neurotrasmettitori responsabili della produzione di endorfine: in altre parole, impedisce la produzione di sensazioni felici, donandone di artificiali. La dipendenza psichica é qualcosa di più complesso: lo squilibrio chimico si somma a un vero e proprio declino della qualità della vita. L’allontanamento delle persone spesso innesca senso di colpa, frustrazione, depressione.

Anders é solo. Ascolta la vita degli altri in un flusso costante e ne prova invidia, mentre cerca debolmente di ricostruire le trame dei suoi legami. È il paradosso della vita di un addict: distaccato a livello emotivo e allo stesso tempo dipendente a livello economico. I genitori di Anders sono costretti a vendere la casa per sanare i debiti del figlio; la sorella non riesce nemmeno ad incontrarlo. Si innesca un circolo vizioso: chi ama ed é stato ferito si allontana. Per contro, chi si sente in colpa ferisce in modo recidivo.

Sembrerebbe finita qui, eppure c’è dell’altro. È il film stesso a dircelo. Prima assistiamo a un colloquio di lavoro: tutto procede per il meglio, fino alla domanda “come mai c’è un vuoto di 5 anni, che cosa ha fatto in quel periodo?”. Il giovane confessa il suo passato. L’interlocutore esita qualche istante. Anders abbandona adirato la stanza, ma senza ragione, poiché nulla faceva pensare che la sua assunzione fosse compromessa. Più tardi, Il protagonista incontra l'attuale compagno della ex fidanzata. Dal suo punto di vista é lui il nemico, l’antagonista, l’amante. Si avvicina per dirgli che lo perdona, ma inaspettatamente l’altro controbatte: “tu non puoi nemmeno immaginare cosa abbia dovuto passare lei”. Anders si difende prontamente risollevando la questione droga, ma questa volta nessuna pietà: “conosco tante persone che hanno avuto problemi di droga, poi hanno ripreso in mano la propria vita rimboccandosi le maniche”.

La verità è che Anders non solo non può, non vuole essere felice. Non sappiamo come fosse la sua vita prima di conoscere il mondo dell’eroina, possiamo solo supporre che fosse piuttosto agiata: una casa lussuosa, un’istruzione di alto livello. Il paradosso di Easterlin ci dice che il livello di felicità è inversamente proporzionale a quello della ricchezza economica. E’ come se fossimo tutto il tempo su un tapis roulant: non facciamo che correre freneticamente pur rimanendo sempre nello stesso punto. Secondo Easterlin il senso di soddisfazione provato dall’acquisto di un nuovo bene di consumo è effimero: il miglioramento è solo momentaneo e subito si torna allo stato precedente. Per recuperare il senso di piacere provato occorre possedere beni sempre maggiori, raggiungere un livello sempre più alto, in una corsa inarrestabile che allontana sempre di più dalla felicità. Questa metafora non si discosta molto dal mondo di Anders, e nemmeno dal nostro.

Oggi parlare di felicità appare stupido o naif. Il giovane norvegese afferma di avere sempre pensato che le persone felici fossero idioti. Anche se le circostanze ce lo impediscono, o la paura, o le tendenze (ad esempio spesso nell’arte la sofferenza è ritenuta prerogativa essenziale, statuto stesso dell’arte), credo sia giunta l’ora, oggi più che mai, di rinnovare il concetto di felicità, eliminando secoli di scorie semantiche. Penso a una frase di Epicuro, il quale sosteneva che l’uomo potesse godere dei beni sensibili, purché non ne diventasse schiavo:

“Infondo ciò che veramente serve non é difficile a trovarsi, l’inutile é difficile”.

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La verità è che Anders non solo non può, non vuole essere felice. Non sappiamo come fosse la sua vita prima di conoscere il mondo dell’eroina, possiamo solo supporre che fosse piuttosto agiata

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